A DC-DC converter is an electronic device that converts direct current (DC) from one voltage level to another. It is a type of power electronic converter and is widely used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) to efficiently convert the high voltage DC power from the battery to the lower voltage DC power needed for the vehicle's electronic devices and the electric motor. The DC-DC converter plays a crucial role in the power management system of HEVs and EVs, ensuring optimal energy utilization, improving vehicle performance, and extending battery life. The converters can be isolated or non-isolated and can be designed for step-up (boost), step-down (buck), or bidirectional voltage conversion.